Every page in Learn that names a number takes it from here. Values are read out of the rusty-kaspa consensus config and the KIPs, and reflect the Crescendo (May 2025) and Toccata (June 2026) hard forks.
Consensus
| Parameter | Value | Where it is explained |
|---|---|---|
| Target block rate | 10 blocks per second (100 ms/block) | Mining |
| GHOSTDAG k | 124 | PHANTOM-GHOSTDAG |
| Max block parents | 16 | Block Model |
| Mergeset size limit | 248 | The BlockDAG |
| Merge depth bound | 36,000 blocks (~1 hour) | Confirmations & Finality |
| Finality depth | 432,000 blocks (~12 hours) | Confirmations & Finality |
| Pruning depth | 1,080,000 blocks (~30 hours) | Pruning |
| Coinbase maturity | 1,000 blocks (~100 seconds) | Blocks |
| Proof of work hash | kHeavyHash (cSHAKE256-based) | Mining |
Transactions & blocks
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Max block mass | 500,000 grams compute and storage; 1,000,000 grams transient (raised from 500,000 at Toccata, allowing ~250 KB block bodies) |
| Max transaction mass | The block limits above — a transaction only has to fit in a block |
| Minimum relay fee rate | 100 sompi/gram (raised from 1 at Toccata) |
| Transaction versions | 0 and 1; version 1 added at Toccata for covenant bindings, compute budgets, and user lanes |
| Signature schemes | Schnorr over secp256k1 (default); ECDSA over secp256k1 also supported |
| Transaction sighash | blake2b-256, keyed with domain TransactionSigningHash |
Mass, and why it is measured in three dimensions rather than bytes, is the subject of Fees & Mass.
On the old 100,000-gram cap. Before Toccata the mempool rejected any transaction above 100,000 grams in a single dimension as non-standard. That cap was relaxed shortly before activation and no longer applies — the block-fit limits are now the only per-transaction ceiling consensus imposes.
The number still shows up in one place that matters: the SDKs’ transaction generator keeps a client-side MAXIMUM_STANDARD_TRANSACTION_MASS of 100,000 grams, which is why a large input set is still split into a chain of transactions rather than one big one. That is a wallet-side policy, not a network rule.
Monetary
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Base unit | 1 KAS = 100,000,000 sompi |
| Max supply | ~28.7 billion KAS |
| Emission | Halves yearly via a smooth monthly reduction of (1/2)^(1/12) (~5.6%/month) - the “chromatic” schedule |
| Block reward | ~2.45 KAS/block (~24.5 KAS/second) as of July 2026 |
The emission schedule is a 426-entry per-month table in the coinbase logic; the per-second rate is independent of block rate (at 10 blocks per second, each block pays a tenth of the per-second subsidy).
Max supply is empirical rather than a code constant — summing the schedule per second gives ~28.4 billion, but pre-deflationary parallel DAG blocks each paid the full subsidy, putting actual emission slightly ahead. See Emission & Supply. The MAX_SOMPI constant in rusty-kaspa is 29 billion KAS, which is a monetary-amount validation ceiling, not the supply cap.
Hard fork history
| Hard fork | Activated | DAA score | Highlights |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crescendo | May 5, 2025 | 110,165,000 | KIP-14: 1 → 10 blocks per second, plus KIP-4 (sampled difficulty windows), KIP-9 (storage mass), KIP-10, KIP-13 (transient mass) |
| Toccata | June 30, 2026 | 474,165,565 | KIP-16/17/20/21 (covenants, ZK precompile, sequencing commitments); larger block bodies; higher relay fee floor |
Default ports
| Network | P2P | gRPC | wRPC (borsh) | wRPC (json) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mainnet | 16111 | 16110 | 17110 | 18110 |
| Testnet-10 | 16211 | 16210 | 17210 | 18210 |
| Simnet | 16511 | 16510 | 17510 | 18510 |
| Devnet | 16611 | 16610 | 17610 | 18610 |